×

The drug development process is intricate and must ensure quality, safety, efficacy, and compliance, typically taking 12-15 years and costing around $1 billion. It includes five stages: discovery and development, non-clinical development, clinical development, regulatory review, and post-marketing surveillance. Key phases such as Phase 0, I, II, and III assess safety, tolerability, efficacy, and effectiveness in humans before market approval. Regulatory bodies oversee these stages to ensure public health while ongoing Phase IV trials monitor long-term safety and effectiveness post-approval.

You May Have Missed

Don’t copy the text; How about upgrading it with your genius touch!